• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a writing or coloring pencil comprising the following 3 layers obtained by coextrusion: an unexpanded polyolefin-based mine; an unexpanded protective intermediate layer surrounding the mine and comprising a mixture of polystyrene and EVA; and an expanded wood synthetic material based on a styrenic polymer surrounding the protective intermediate layer, the thickness ratio of the protective intermediate layer / radius of the mine being between 0.05 and 0.17, advantageously between 0.07 and 0.07. and 0.15.
    公开号:FR3030365A1
    申请号:FR1462664
    申请日:2014-12-17
    公开日:2016-06-24
    发明作者:Julien Gouerec；Philippe Lefebvre
    申请人:Conte SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to writing or coloring crayons obtained by coextrusion comprising a polymer-based mine and a synthetic wood material.
    [0002] Such writing or coloring pencils are known to those skilled in the art. In particular the application W001 / 43987 indicates that these rods must comprise an intermediate protective layer whose thermoplastic material must have a solidification point below the point of solidification of the thermoplastic material of the mine in order to avoid the problems of cracking of the mine during its cooling. However, in the examples of this application, the mine and the synthetic wood material are made of an identical thermoplastic material (polystyrene methacrylate copolymer) and it is recommended for this protective layer a thickness of 0.3 mm for a mine having a diameter of 2mm, a thickness ratio intermediate protective layer / radius mine of 0.3. This request even specifies that the thickness of this protective layer must be at least 0.5 mm for soft mines. However, the inventors have surprisingly found that when the thermoplastic material of the mine is a polyolefin and not a polystyrene methacrylate copolymer as in this example, there is a problem of decohesion between the mine and the protective layer during the cutting operation. , which is not desirable. None of the earlier arts known to date describe such a problem.
    [0003] Thus, the application W02010 / 006744 also describes the compulsory presence of an adhesion layer between the mine and the synthetic wood material for the rods whose polymer of the mine is incompatible with the polymer of the synthetic wood material. However it is not at any time indicated what should be the thickness of this layer and the problems of decohesion between the adhesion layer and the mine are not mentioned. The application US 2006/0194049 also describes the presence of a protective envelope of the mine which has a bending strength greater than that of the mine and which will therefore stabilize the mine to prevent it from breaking. It recommends that the volume of the envelope be smaller or equal to the volume of the mine. In the examples, the ratio of the area of the mine / area of the envelope for a pencil is 1 and for a colored pencil of 1.44, which corresponds to a thickness ratio of the intermediate layer / radius of the mine respectively 0.4 and 0.3. This does not solve the problem of decohesion between the mine and the protective layer during the cutting operation. However, the inventors have discovered that to solve decohesion problems during the pencil-size operation, while maintaining a protective layer capable of fulfilling the functions of adhesion layer between the polyolefin-based mine and the plastics material. Based on a styrenic polymer and to avoid cracking of the mine, it was necessary to use an unexpanded protective layer comprising a mixture of polystyrene and EVA and having a thickness ratio of the intermediate layer. protective / radius of the mine between 0.05 and 0.17. Finally, thanks to such a ratio, this layer can be made visible to the consumer by using a color different from that of the mine 25 and the synthetic wood material. The present invention therefore relates to a writing or coloring pencil comprising the following 3 layers obtained by coextrusion: an unexpanded polyolefin-based mine, an unexpanded protective intermediate layer surrounding the mine and comprising a mixture of polystyrene and EVA and - an expanded wood synthetic material based on a styrenic polymer surrounding the protective interlayer, the thickness ratio of the protective intermediate layer / radius of the mine being between 0.05 and 0.17, advantageously between 0, 07 and 0.15. The pencil according to the present invention therefore comprises a polyolefin-based mine. In the sense of the present invention, the term "polyolefin-based mine" means any pencil or coloring pencil lead comprising at least one polyolefin. Advantageously, the polyolefin is the main polymer of the mine. Even more advantageously the mine does not include other polymers. Advantageously, the polyolefin may be polyethylene or polypropylene, in particular polypropylene, more particularly polypropylene homopolymer. Advantageously, the polyolefin content of the mine is between 15 and 45% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of the mine, advantageously between 20 and 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. the composition of the mine. The mine according to the present invention may be a pencil lead or a pencil lead. In the case where the mine according to the present invention is a paper pencil lead, it may comprise a polyolefin content of from 15 to 40% by weight, preferably from 20 to 35% by weight, based on to the total weight of the composition of the mine. In the case where the mine according to the present invention is a colored pencil lead, it may comprise a polyolefin content of between 25 and 45% by weight, advantageously between 30 and 40% by weight, relative to the weight. total composition of the mine. The mine according to the present invention may also comprise mineral fillers, pigments and / or additives. Advantageously, the mine does not include a plasticizer. Advantageously, the pigment content of the mine is between 5 and 20% by weight, the mineral filler content between 25 and 75% by weight and / or the content of additives between 0 and 40% by weight. , relative to the total weight of the composition of the mine.
    [0004] In the case where the mine according to the present invention is a pencil lead of paper, it may comprise graphite and possibly a colorless mineral filler. In particular, it comprises graphite and a colorless mineral filler. Advantageously, the colorless inorganic filler is chosen from clay, talc, boron nitride, silica, calcium carbonate, mica, steatite powder and mixtures thereof. Particularly advantageously, it is a lamellar filler, more particularly chosen from clay, boron nitride, mica and / or talc, for example a clay, in particular chosen from montmorillonite, bentonite and kaolin. . Advantageously it is the zo kaolin. Advantageously, the graphite content of the pencil lead according to the present invention is between 40 and 60%, in particular between 44 and 50%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of the mine. Advantageously, the colorless mineral filler content of the pencil lead according to the present invention is between 5 and 15%, in particular between 6 and 10%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of the mine. It may further comprise as a carbon black pigment.
    [0005] Advantageously, the carbon black content of the pencil lead according to the present invention is between 5 and 20%, in particular between 5 and 15%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of the mine.
    [0006] In the case where the mine according to the present invention is a colored pencil lead, the mineral filler is a colorless inorganic filler, particularly as described above. Advantageously, the colorless mineral filler content of the colored pencil lead according to the present invention is between 25 and 50%, in particular between 30 and 40%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of the mine. The additives useful in the mine according to the present invention may be selected from slip agents, processing agents, coupling agents, dispersing agents, lubricants and other additives well known to those skilled in the art. For example it may be stearate (zinc stearate, calcium, magnesium, sodium and mixtures thereof), waxes, paraffins, fatty acids, amides such as stearamide, in particular ethylene bis stearamide, glycerol and its derivatives such as glycerol dibehenate, glycerol behenate, glycerol stearate and / or polyglycerol diisostearate, siloxane grafted onto polypropylene and mixtures thereof, in particular calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, amides or their mixture. The mine according to the present invention is unexpanded. Thus, no blowing agent is used in its manufacturing process. In addition, the polyolefin used is not foamed. In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the mine has a diameter of between 2 and 3.6 mm.
    [0007] In particular in the case of fine mines, the mine has a diameter of between 2 and 2.3 mm. In this case, advantageously the thickness ratio of the protective intermediate layer / radius of the mine is between 0.05 and 0.16, advantageously between 0.06 and 0.15, more advantageously between 0.07 and 0.15. In the case of thick mines, the mine has a diameter of between 3 and 3.6 mm. In this case, advantageously the thickness ratio of the protective intermediate layer / radius of the mine is between 0.07 and 0.16, advantageously between 0.08 and 0.15, more advantageously between 0.09 and 0.15. . The mine according to the present invention must therefore comprise fillers and pigments for writing easily transferable on the writing medium or coloring to have a good hiding power. The pencil according to the present invention comprises an unexpanded protective intermediate layer surrounding, advantageously concentrically, the mine and comprising a mixture of polystyrene and EVA. This intermediate layer has a dual role: Firstly it will allow to ensure adhesion between the polyolefin base mine and the wood synthetic material based on a styrenic polymer. It will also make it possible to compensate for the withdrawal of the mine during the cooling step after the coextrusion step, which will avoid the problems of cracking of the mine. This protective interlayer will therefore completely separate the mine from the synthetic wood material. In an advantageous embodiment, the protective interlayer has a thickness of between 0.05 and 0.31 mm, more preferably between 0.07 and 0.27 mm, in particular between 0.08 and 0.17 mm. In particular in the case of fine mines, the protective intermediate layer advantageously has a thickness of between 0.05 and 0.18 mm, advantageously between 0.07 and 0.17 mm, in particular between 0.08 and 0.17 mm. mm. In the case of thick mines, the protective interlayer advantageously has a thickness of between 0.13 and 0.31 mm, more preferably between 0.15 and 0.28 mm, in particular between 0.16 and 0.27 mm. . The protective interlayer according to the present invention comprises a mixture of polystyrene and EVA (ethyl vinyl acetate), advantageously it consists of a mixture of polystyrene and EVA. Advantageously, the polystyrene is an atactic polystyrene. In the context of the present invention, the purpose of the polystyrene is to allow adhesion between the protective interlayer and the synthetic wood material as well as to allow the good mechanical strength of this layer. Advantageously, the EVA comprises between 10 and 40% by weight of vinyl acetate, in particular between 20 and 30% by weight, relative to the total weight of the EVA. In the context of the present invention, the purpose of the EVA is to allow adhesion between the protective interlayer and the mine and to reduce the solidification point (commonly called the softening point) of the polystyrene so that the point solidification of the polystyrene mixture and [VA is less than the solidification point of the polyolefin of the mine. In an advantageous embodiment, the content of the polystyrene and EVA mixture of the protective interlayer is between 85 and 100 ° A) by weight relative to the total weight of the protective interlayer (100 ° A) corresponds to a protective intermediate layer consisting of a mixture of polystyrene and EVA), advantageously between 90 and 97% by weight relative to the total weight of the protective interlayer, more advantageously between 93% and 96% by weight relative to the weight; total of the protective interlayer. The protective interlayer may further comprise pigments, such as a masterbatch, which serve in particular to bring color to this layer.
    [0008] Advantageously, the pigment content of this layer is between 3 and 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the protective interlayer, more advantageously between 4 and 7% by weight relative to the total weight of the layer. protective intermediary. In a particular embodiment the protective interlayer has a different color of the mine and the synthetic wood material. This allows this layer to be visible to the consumer, which may have an aesthetic interest and can play with different colors to make the pencil very distinctive and attractive. In another advantageous embodiment, this layer has the same color as that of the mine, which gives the consumer the impression that the pencil has a thicker mine. Advantageously, the polystyrene content of the protective interlayer is between 40 and 90% by weight, more preferably between 40 and 75% by weight, more advantageously between 45 and 70% by weight, relative to the total weight of the layer. protective intermediary. Advantageously, the [VA content of the protective interlayer is between 10 and 60% by weight, advantageously between 20 and 55% by weight, still more advantageously between 25 and 50% by weight, relative to total weight of the protective interlayer.
    [0009] In addition, the protective intermediate layer is unexpanded. Thus, no blowing agent is used during its manufacturing process. In addition the polystyrene used is not expanded. In addition, advantageously the protective intermediate layer does not have a greater bending strength than that of the mine. In addition, advantageously the protective intermediate layer does not have the same function as the mine, that is to say is not intended for writing or coloring. The pigments possibly present in this layer are therefore not easily transferable to the writing medium and therefore do not have a good hiding power. On the other hand, it advantageously has a melting temperature equal to or lower than both that of the mine and that of the synthetic wood material.
    [0010] The pencil according to the present invention further comprises an expanded wood synthetic material based on styrenic polymer and surrounding, advantageously concentrically, the protective interlayer. Within the meaning of the present invention, the term "synthetic wood material" is understood to mean any synthetic material of a writing or coloring pencil based on a polymer whose density and cutability are close to those of wood. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "synthetic wood material based on styrenic polymer" means any synthetic wood material as defined above comprising at least one styrenic polymer, that is to say a polymer or copolymer with styrene base. Advantageously, the styrenic polymer is the main polymer of the wood synthetic material. Even more advantageously, the synthetic wood material does not include other polymers. Advantageously, the styrenic polymer may be polystyrene, ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) or a polystyrene methacrylate copolymer, in particular it is polystyrene, more particularly atactic polystyrene. Advantageously, the content of the styrenic polymer, in particular polystyrene, of the synthetic wood material is between 60 and 100% by weight, advantageously between 70 and 98% by weight, in particular between 80 and 95% by weight. % by weight, based on the total weight of the synthetic wood material. The synthetic wood material may contain, in addition to the styrenic polymer, pigments (a few A) by weight, in particular between 0 and 5% by weight, advantageously between 0.5 and 2% by weight, relative to the total weight. of the composition of the synthetic wood material), such as a masterbatch and / or red iron oxide, in particular to impart a color close to the wood to the synthetic wood material, plasticizers, sawdust, mineral fillers (a few ° A) by weight, advantageously between 0 and 10% by weight, in particular between 2 and 6% by weight, more particularly between 3 and 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition of the plastics material of wood), in particular colorless such as clays, for example kaolin, and / or other additives such as calcium stearate and / or stearamide (some ° A) by weight, advantageously between 0 and 5% by weight, in particular between 1 and 3% by weight, by proportion to the total weight of the composition of the synthetic wood material). The synthetic wood material is expanded to obtain a density close to that of wood. To obtain an expanded wood synthetic material, advantageously an expanding agent, such as for example azo-dicarbonamide, has been added to the composition of the synthetic wood material before extrusion.
    [0011] Since the three layers can be obtained by coextrusion, the pencil according to the present invention can be manufactured by a continuous process. In particular, this process is as described in application W001 / 43987.
    [0012] The set of the pencil according to the present invention must have a good cut and a density close to that of the traditional wooden pencil. In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the writing or coloring pencil according to the invention comprises an additional decorative layer, preferably varnish, surrounding, in particular concentrically, the synthetic wood material. Advantageously, the decorative layer is made of a material compatible with that of the synthetic wood material.
    [0013] Advantageously, the writing or coloring pencil according to the present invention may have a hexagonal, round or triangular section, advantageously round or hexagonal. Advantageously, it may include a means for erasing, such as an eraser, at the uncut end of the pencil.
    [0014] The invention will be better understood on reading the description of the figures and examples which follow. Figure 1 shows a cross section of an example of a pencil with hexagonal section according to the invention. FIG. 2 represents a perspective view of the example of a hexagonal pencil according to the invention. The example of pencil of hexagonal section 4 according to the invention shown in Figures 1 and 2 thus comprises four layers, the mine (1) of circular section, the protective intermediate layer (2) of circular section which surrounds concentric mine (1), expanded wood synthetic material (3) of hexagonal section concentrically surrounding the protective interlayer and a decorative layer (5) of hexagonal section concentrically surrounding the synthetic wood material. The protective interlayer 2 has a different color of the mine and the wood synthetic material and is therefore visible both on the cross section of the pencil (Figure 1) but also on the cut portion of the pencil (Figure 2). Example 1: A pencil of hexagonal section as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 or triangular section according to the invention was manufactured by coextrusion. The compositions of the various layers are as follows: - mine: polypropylene (PP, 25-35%), graphite (40-50%) + additives / pigments - protective intermediate layer: polystyrene (40-50%), [VA (45) -55%) zo + pigments - wood synthetic material (3): polystyrene (90-95%) + additives / pigments / colorless mineral filler Various thicknesses of the protective interlayer and different diameters of the mine have been tested. A visual check is made after the sharpening step of the pen. When the protective interlayer tends to peel off the mine during sharpening, the product is considered "unacceptable".
    [0015] Hexagonal diameter paper pencil of mine diameter 2.30 mm Layer Thickness Ratio Layer Thick Layer Intermediate Protective Intermediate Protective Intermediate / (mm) Mine Radius 0.08 0.07 Acceptable 0.15 0.13 Acceptable 0.17 0 , 15 Acceptable 0.22 0.19 Not acceptable Triangular diameter pencil of mine diameter 3.55 mm Layer Thickness Ratio Layer Thick Layer Protective Intermediate Intermediate Protective Result / (mm) Min. Radius 0.16 0.09 Acceptable 0.27 0.15 Acceptable 0.39 0.22 Not acceptable
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Writing or coloring pencil comprising the following 3 layers obtained by coextrusion: - an unexpanded polyolefin-based mine, - an unexpanded protective intermediate layer surrounding the mine and comprising a mixture of polystyrene and EVA and - a synthetic material of expanded wood based on a styrenic polymer surrounding the protective interlayer, the thickness ratio of the protective intermediate layer / radius of the mine being between 0.05 and 0.17, advantageously between 0.07 and 0.15.
    [0002]
    2. Writing or coloring pencil according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyolefin of the mine is polypropylene.
    [0003]
    3. Writing or coloring pencil according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the protective intermediate layer has a thickness between 0.05 and 0.31 mm, preferably between 0.07 and 0.27 mm, in particular between 0.08 and 0.17 mm.
    [0004]
    4. Writing or coloring pencil according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mine has a diameter of between 2 and 3.6 mm, preferably between 2 and 2.3 mm.
    [0005]
    5. Writing or coloring pencil according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the protective interlayer has a different color of the mine and the synthetic wood material.
    [0006]
    6. Writing or coloring pencil according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the content of the polystyrene and EVA mixture of the protective interlayer is between 85 and 100 ° / (), advantageously between 90 and 97% by weight relative to the total weight of the protective interlayer.
    [0007]
    7. Writing or coloring pencil according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the polystyrene content of the protective interlayer is between 40 and 90% by weight, preferably between 40 and 75% by weight , relative to the total weight of the protective interlayer.
    [0008]
    8. Writing or coloring pencil according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the content of [VA of the protective interlayer is between 10 and 60 ° A) by weight, preferably between 20 and 55 % by weight, relative to the total weight of the protective interlayer.
    [0009]
    9. Writing or coloring pencil according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the styrenic polymer content of the synthetic wood material is between 60 and 100 ° A) by weight, preferably between 70 and 98 ° A) by weight, based on the total weight of the synthetic wood material.
    [0010]
    10. Writing or coloring pencil according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the styrenic polymer of the synthetic wood material is polystyrene.
    [0011]
    11. Writing or coloring pencil according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the mine does not include plasticizer.
    [0012]
    12. Writing or coloring pencil according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it is a pencil and in that the mine comprises graphite.
    [0013]
    13. Writing or coloring pencil according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it is a colored pencil.
    [0014]
    14. Writing or coloring pencils according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises an additional decorative layer, preferably varnish, surrounding, preferably concentrically, the synthetic wood material.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3030365B1|2017-01-13|
    BR112017012761A2|2017-12-26|
    CN107257739B|2019-04-05|
    ZA201704672B|2018-12-19|
    WO2016097554A1|2016-06-23|
    CA2970844A1|2016-06-23|
    EP3233518A1|2017-10-25|
    TN2017000252A1|2018-10-19|
    EP3233518B1|2019-02-06|
    CN107257739A|2017-10-17|
    RU2017125165A3|2019-03-27|
    ES2724368T3|2019-09-10|
    BR112017012761B1|2021-01-26|
    RU2689207C2|2019-05-24|
    AU2015366059A1|2017-07-06|
    US20170348997A1|2017-12-07|
    PL3233518T3|2019-08-30|
    AR103149A1|2017-04-19|
    MA40651A1|2017-11-30|
    US10316208B2|2019-06-11|
    MX2017007871A|2018-03-21|
    RU2017125165A|2019-01-23|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2001043987A1|1999-12-13|2001-06-21|Conte|Method for making a writing or colouring pencil by triple extrusion and writing or colouring pencil comprising an intermediate protective layer|
    DE202006015052U1|2006-09-29|2008-02-21|J. S. Staedtler Gmbh & Co. Kg|Writing, drawing, painting and / or cosmetic pencil|
    DE202008009751U1|2008-07-15|2009-08-27|J. S. Staedtler Gmbh & Co. Kg|Writing, drawing, painting or cosmetic pencil|
    EP2644407A1|2012-03-28|2013-10-02|Maped|Expanded pencil and method for manufacturing same|
    US5244297A|1991-03-19|1993-09-14|Conte S.A.|Process for manufacturing pencil by tri-extrusion and the produced pencil having an intermediate protective casing|
    DE102005004175B4|2005-01-26|2013-11-28|J. S. Staedtler Gmbh & Co. Kg|Mine for writing, drawing or painting equipment|
    DE102006046491B4|2006-09-29|2017-03-16|Staedtler Mars Gmbh & Co. Kg|Writing, drawing, painting and / or cosmetic pencil|
    DE102008034015B4|2008-07-15|2011-08-25|J. S. Staedtler GmbH & Co. KG, 90427|Writing, drawing, painting or cosmetic pencil|
    US8998519B2|2013-05-13|2015-04-07|Hemant Patel|Process and formulation for a plastic pencil|FR3052705B1|2016-06-21|2018-07-13|Conte|PENCIL TO WRITE OR COLOR|
    FR3065006B1|2017-04-10|2019-06-21|Societe Bic|PENCIL MINE WITH PAPER|
    DE202018000862U1|2018-02-19|2018-03-06|Weimako GmbH|pin sleeve|
    EP3845616A1|2020-01-06|2021-07-07|Société BIC|Lead for pencil for writing, drawing, marking, plotting and/or coloring|
    法律状态:
    2015-12-17| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-06-24| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20160624 |
    2016-12-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-12-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-11-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2020-11-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-11-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1462664A|FR3030365B1|2014-12-17|2014-12-17|PENCIL TO WRITE OR COLOR|FR1462664A| FR3030365B1|2014-12-17|2014-12-17|PENCIL TO WRITE OR COLOR|
    TN2017000252A| TN2017000252A1|2014-12-17|2015-12-14|PENCIL TO WRITE OR COLOR|
    PL15823641T| PL3233518T3|2014-12-17|2015-12-14|Pencil for writing or colouring|
    AU2015366059A| AU2015366059A1|2014-12-17|2015-12-14|Pencil for writing or colouring|
    MA40651A| MA40651A1|2014-12-17|2015-12-14|Pencil to write or to color|
    US15/537,032| US10316208B2|2014-12-17|2015-12-14|Pencil for writing or colouring|
    RU2017125165A| RU2689207C2|2014-12-17|2015-12-14|Simple or coloured pencil|
    BR112017012761-0A| BR112017012761B1|2014-12-17|2015-12-14|pencil for writing or coloring|
    CN201580073045.4A| CN107257739B|2014-12-17|2015-12-14|It writes to use or colour and uses pencil|
    PCT/FR2015/053468| WO2016097554A1|2014-12-17|2015-12-14|Pencil for writing or colouring|
    CA2970844A| CA2970844A1|2014-12-17|2015-12-14|Pencil for writing or colouring|
    EP15823641.4A| EP3233518B1|2014-12-17|2015-12-14|Pencil for writing or colouring|
    ES15823641T| ES2724368T3|2014-12-17|2015-12-14|Pencil to write or color|
    MX2017007871A| MX2017007871A|2014-12-17|2015-12-14|Pencil for writing or colouring.|
    ARP150104134A| AR103149A1|2014-12-17|2015-12-17|PENCIL TO WRITE OR COLOR|
    ZA2017/04672A| ZA201704672B|2014-12-17|2017-07-11|Pencil for writing or colouring|
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